What To Know
- When the tops of the onion plants start to flop over and turn brown, it’s a sign that the bulbs are mature and ready for harvest.
- Spread the onions in a single layer on a mesh screen, a drying rack, or even a newspaper-covered surface.
- Simply cut the desired amount of leaves from the top of the plant, leaving the bulb in the ground to continue growing.
Growing your own onions is a rewarding experience, bringing the fresh taste of homegrown produce to your table. But the journey doesn’t end with planting; it culminates in the satisfying moment of harvesting those plump, juicy bulbs. This guide will walk you through the process of how to harvest onion bulbs, ensuring you get the most out of your hard work.
Timing is Key: When to Harvest Onion Bulbs
Knowing when to harvest your onions is crucial for maximizing flavor and storage life. The general rule of thumb is to harvest when the onion tops have started to fall over and turn brown. This usually happens around 100 days after planting, but the exact time will vary depending on your onion variety and growing conditions.
Visual Cues for Harvesting:
- Top Fall Over: When the tops of the onion plants start to flop over and turn brown, it’s a sign that the bulbs are mature and ready for harvest.
- Bulb Neck Softening: Gently squeeze the neck of the bulb. If it feels soft and pliable, it’s time to harvest.
- Dry, Papery Skin: The outer skin of the onion bulb should be dry and papery, indicating that the bulb has fully matured.
The Art of Harvesting: Techniques for Success
Once you’ve determined that your onions are ready, here’s how to harvest them properly:
1. Loosen the Soil:
Use a garden fork or shovel to gently loosen the soil around the base of the onion plants. This will make it easier to pull the bulbs from the ground without damaging them.
2. Pull the Bulbs:
Carefully pull the onion bulbs from the ground, holding the base of the bulb and pulling gently upwards. Avoid pulling on the leaves, as this can damage the bulb.
3. Trim the Tops:
After harvesting, trim the tops of the onions about an inch above the bulb. This will prevent the tops from drawing moisture from the bulbs during storage.
Curing for Optimal Storage:
Curing onions is an essential step in ensuring they last for months. This process allows the bulbs to dry and harden, extending their shelf life.
Curing Process:
- Prepare a Dry Location: Choose a well-ventilated, dry location with temperatures between 70-80°F. A garage, shed, or even a sunny spot in your garden can work well.
- Lay Onions Out: Spread the onions in a single layer on a mesh screen, a drying rack, or even a newspaper-covered surface.
- Allow to Cure: Allow the onions to cure for 10-14 days, ensuring good air circulation around them.
Storing Your Harvest:
Once your onions have cured, it’s time to store them for long-term use. Here are some storage tips:
Storage Options:
- Braiding: Braiding onions is a traditional method that allows them to be stored for long periods.
- Mesh Bags: Store cured onions in mesh bags or breathable containers to allow for air circulation.
- Cool, Dry Place: Store onions in a cool, dry, dark place with good ventilation. Avoid storing them near fruits or vegetables that emit ethylene gas, as this can hasten spoilage.
Harvesting Onions for Green Onions:
If you’re growing green onions (scallions), you can harvest them throughout the growing season. Simply cut the desired amount of leaves from the top of the plant, leaving the bulb in the ground to continue growing.
Troubleshooting Common Harvest Challenges:
- Premature Bolting: If your onions bolt (produce flower stalks) before they have a chance to form bulbs, it’s likely due to excessively hot temperatures or long days. You can prevent bolting by choosing a variety that is known to be bolting-resistant or by planting them in the early spring or late summer.
- Small Bulbs: Small bulbs can be caused by poor soil fertility, overcrowding, or insufficient watering. Ensure you have adequate soil fertility, give your onions enough space to grow, and water them regularly.
The End of the Harvest Journey: Enjoy Your Bounty!
With your onions harvested, cured, and stored, you’re ready to enjoy the fruits of your labor. Whether you’re adding them to salads, stir-fries, or savory dishes, your homegrown onions will bring a fresh and flavorful touch to your meals.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Can I harvest onions before they are fully mature?
A: It’s best to wait until the onions are fully mature before harvesting. Harvesting them too early will result in smaller, less flavorful bulbs.
Q: What if my onions have started to sprout?
A: Sprouting onions are still edible but will have a milder flavor. You can cut off the sprouts and use the onions as usual.
Q: Can I store onions in the refrigerator?
A: While you can store onions in the refrigerator for a short period, it’s not ideal for long-term storage. The cold temperatures can cause the onions to lose their flavor and become soft.
Q: How long do stored onions last?
A: Properly cured and stored onions can last for several months.
Q: What should I do with the onion tops after harvesting?
A: You can compost the onion tops or use them to make a natural insecticide.
